this be bomb is literally crawling with bees wow I just thought a pink onion why not try it our hostas do well in Minnesota they like our temperatures we have things blooming from early spring to late fall it's fun to imagine what this place will be like in a few years we've just gotten started hell hello and welcome to Great gardening I'm your host Sharon Young thank you for joining us for our first show of 2025 tonight we have a special hourlong episode it's still winter but that does not mean we can't help you prepare for the growing season with helpful tips and tricks as usual we have our garden experts with us they are horticulturist and educator Bob Olan and garden professional Deb Burns Ericson we want to hear from gardeners across our region who have questions for our experts we have phone volunteers from the daughter of the American Revolution here to receive your questions this evening call locally at 28788 2844 or simply email us at ask pbsn north.org we're taking questions throughout the show so call or email us now tonight's program is also part of our spring fundraiser a membership with PBS North gives our viewers an opportunity to support great Garden PBS North and a host of other programs we broadcast donations can be sent in using the same contact information on your screen let's begin tonight's show with a look at the weather in our region is melting I'll be ready for that ice to go away it's going it's going quickly it's amazing it is there's your there we go there's nothing like the sound of like a flowing Creek or just even the Birds I've been hearing the birds chirping abely no loons yet I know right a little too early going to take a while yeah grass brown grass green soon be so green so quickly and the parks are getting ready and we lost had snow just in a couple of days didn't we seemed to get absorbed though I was surprised yeah a little Frost in the ground so we'd like to get as much of that absorbed as possible a little dry coming in the fall last year but it didn't seem to run off as quickly of course it got the bags at the Rose Garden marvelous all the volunteers that helped bag that's incredible Y and you can compost those leaves right in that bag if you like if people are doing this Pillow Pack like that very nice so now we're going to discuss the current seasonal weather trends and what that means for the early growing season Bob yeah we don't know what it means I took a look at some of Noah's predictions and uh you know it's real interesting for the first time they're saying we're just going to have a very average season which actually isn't bad for us we shouldn't have temperature Extremes in the last several years you know we really haven't had those intense warm temperatures they are going to get them in the southwest again so we can uh be thankful we live in the Great Northland moisture should be adequate so there's nothing really too phenomenal it looks like a very average year but we all know that averages are deceptive right just like last year we had a lot of rain early and then it got very dry turned out to be an average year so we have to be ready for just about everything but I think uh we're looking forward to a real good growing season ahead would you think yeah we we have to be optimistic don't we we do we do it's going to be great it's going to be great coming from Farm background you always have to be optimistic and you never really know what to expect but it's going to be very fine our Seasons it's real interesting because uh we're not getting those real intense warm temperatures we're getting warmer nights we always have had the daylight we got a little bit more of an extended growing season so actually it's all working in our benefit and our favor right now for at this far north yeah I think people will be ready for an average it's good nothing ex yeah average is going to be okay yes yeah it's great well thanks Bob let's get back to some more viewer questions I know um a few folks have been wondering um how soon can we like start growing things like you want to talk a little bit about that oh you know right now if I was to start something I would start celery and peppers peppers are they take a really long time but it's a good time to start them because a day length it it makes a big difference for them on day length but um I would be starting those um now or at least quickly right for me it's onions because you right you mentioned can never get enough onions yes I love it actually they're becoming a health food right now the Allison that's in onions the same thing that's in garlic and uh we like to start them early they grow very slowly as you mentioned with peppers and we want those really out uh early May so they can take advantage of the lengthen days because with a long day onion that's what forms the buls so we really got to get those started and they're fun to grow y y y sure but you still would have a chance with bulbs if you you know didn't quite get them oh yeah you have lots of options you can put transplants in you can put the small bulbs the sets in so you have lots of options with onions yeah it's great well thank you keep sending in those questions and right now we're going to talk a little bit about winter hardiness zones what are they what do they mean for us let's talk about that yeah getting through the winter of course is critical and anytime you're selecting any kind of a tree shrub perennial material number one will it grow and will it survive our winners so that's why we've got this marvelous uh zone maps that have been developed by the US Department of Agriculture they revise these every 10 years these are average temperatures and for us in Minnesota and Wisconsin we're really looking at these five zones 3A 3B and they're the temperatures - 35 to -40 is going to be the coldest in the most Northerly part of of our viewing region all the way down to zone five which as you can see there that's minus5 to minus 20 we are not really zone five in Del Luth we're zone five in the Bayfield area because that wonderful Peninsula that extends out into Lake Superior and then down in the Twin Cities so we've got maps and zones uh the US Department of Agriculture does a real nice job on their website you can put in your zip code and it will flashback your winter hardiness zone so both Minnesota Wisconsin in this case and then Minnesota which we have a very similar map we used to have a lot of Zone 2 now the zones are just about absolute temperature they go from the Arctic Zone one all the way down to 14 which is in the Caribbean and uh all of the temperatures in between but that's all they refer to it's an average a 10year average of the minimum temperatures over that period of time they were just revised uh two years ago so the It's relatively current we lost all Zone 2 in Northern Minnesota so we're now just Zone zone three and four basically in this area and you said they update those every 10 years uh they will update them in a 10e average that's correct so we've got another eight years to go and see what the next 10 years bring but there are other several other factors in addition to just absolute temperature so you want to think about these things first and foremost you got to have something that survives if in fact you're not sure about the hardiness of your material it's not just temperature but temperature fluctuations uh we can have warm periods cold periods the old January Tha seems to be occurring in December January and February uh where we get the fluctuating prevailing prevailing winds are really critical for winter hardiness and the relative humidity of those Winter Winds so if we have a lot of dry winds they tend to dry out material the sun exposure on your plants you want to minimize that in the South uh something that people should really think about is soil moisture particularly we've had warm Falls you want that soil be moist if you need to water in the fall even if you think the tree is dropping its leaves let's get good moisture down in the soil that's going to help it get through the winter and then another thing you want to think about if in fact you're questioning whether or not your plant material is really hearty make sure that you encourage quality growth through the entire previous year's season you want to minimize insects disease you want to make sure it isn't drought stress you want a good healthy tree coming into the fall so there's a lot of those things to consider for winter hardiness in addition to uh the absolute cold temperatures which you can't do too much about it anyway so uh with plant selection here's some thoughts again uh you want to make sure that you select plant varieties that are appropriate for your zone so if you're buying something that's labeled Zone 4 don't really try to plant it in Zone 3 unless you're going to protect it and you can do all these things protect from the wind with wind screens U uh wraps shelter belts of other trees be very conscious of the quality growth or perhaps plant at some place where you're protected by a structure a garage a house or something like that protecting again from the north and west winds so if you're going to cheat a little bit on the zones you're not sure if it's really going to be dependably hearty then you have to look at all these other other issues and then people don't quite understand this but if you're going to plant an apple tree we're concerned about this time of year we get Suns scull so we wanted on a North facing slope that slope uh runs from the south at the high end down to the north so it gets protected from that winter sun which in the South so those are just a couple considerations for people in addition to the uh the zone maps we talk about it's important Bob I mean and and really it's it's hard to want a plant that is not for your Zone but you know realistic expectations it's important we pick things that are appropriate for us yeah perfect plant perfect spot yeah that's right and plant material because supply and demand is getting expensive yes so if you're going to plant an apple tree you want it to last 50 years not maybe two seasons right so you got to be conscious of your plant selection for sure thank you Bob all right next up we're going to take a look at a magnificent flower garden from the Monas family in Island Lake Minnesota this is our seventh year here on Island Lake and we bought this property primarily because of being on the lake um but it was a mess uh there was one spa and one hosta on site and absolutely nothing else uh there was about 20 ft of grass in the front and 20 ft of grass in the back and other than that it was chest High weed so it was a huge job to get that eradicated first and then put in what I wanted we have 350 ft of Frontage and a little over 3 acres here on the lake most of it being on the other side of the lake and woods and we've chosen to leave it that way and about an acre and a half on this side of the lake which has pretty much been over gardened well the house is very close to the road and that was one thing was the idea of being on the lake what you what you come here for is peace and quiet and privacy and the cars are very close and of course everybody slows down to see what you're up to so that was the first area we worked on was establishing some privacy between us and the road the lake being so huge even if there are a lot of people on the lake there are it's so large you rarely see a boat and we've got quite a bit of property between us and the lake so it is very peaceful and quiet and cing when the water is at its normal point which it is right now we only have about three foot of beach so we don't have a nice Big Sandy Beach which I really wanted for my grandchildren so I asked my hus husband to get to build a sand box for the grandkids so they'd have sand to play in and I came home to a 15x 15 ft hole in the ground that was 4T deep so we have plenty of sand now but it's not natural because the whole property was overgrown in chest High weeds at some point you get tired of just completely eradicating it before you start like a formal Garden so what I started doing little by little was just adding perennials to the existing weedy areas and then popping in annuals for color and then as I had energy and time pulling the weeds out from in between so it's still a little rough and Woodland looking but I'm perfectly okay with it that way well we have a lot of shade in the Woodland area and I did a stepping stone path but I was never happy with what it looked like in between so I started pulling out bits of moss here and there in the woods and tucking them between the Stepping Stones until I ended up with a Mossy step stepping stone path to the lake in addition to that we had an old patio that was there from the original cabin from the 1950s and having not being taken care of it started growing moss and my friends were all like you're going to power wash that off aren't you or kill it and I said you know I kind of like that Moss so I decided to start making mixing up batches of moss with like buttermilk and kind of brushing it onto the exposed congregate concrete until I got a complete Mossy patio and I I love it it's soft underf foot and it looks Lush cuz it's such so pretty green thank you gift for your support now let's get to some more of your questions Shirley and floodwood would like to know can you trim your old lilac bushes right now I wouldn't because the the buds are set in the fall and so cutting them back now then you're going to lose a lot of those buds I mean unless you're really paying attention and you don't mind losing a lot of the buds I wouldn't be I wouldn't do it now great answer it's not going to hurt the plant but but it's you're going to lose all the blooms so let them bloom and then cut them back but prune every year too many people let them go too long and then they get long and leggy and Woody okay Tom and wasburn would like to know what he can do to prepare the garden bed for raspberries well the first thing he can do is get rid of all of the wild raspberries in the adjoining area because they carry all the virus and that's really down the downfall of a raspberry patch so clean out all the wild raspberries and then I think Weed Free they're going to last a long while and uh make sure Weed Free do a soil test if you're going to be uh tilling that up you got to get phosphorus and potassium really down in the ground Cu uh that has to be put in the ground doesn't leech real readily from the surface so phosphorus and potassium Weed Free and then eliminate all the native raspberries for size because it'll bring down yours size of your cultivars too Jess and cotton would like to know what type of Willow will grow in Cotton Minnesota well a lot of the Willows are very Hardy mhm which you could start with the [ __ ] willow yeah again we're going to go back to site selection if it's not a wetter sight they're not going to thrive as well so you're going to need the correct site selection they're a little different most most trees youd like a little drier a little better drainage and these will do quite well so there's a there are a number of them out there that um I think there's a prairie Willow and there's a Weeping Willow and then there's the of course the [ __ ] willow so he's got quite a few to choose from great so now we're going to take a look at how seed saving starting and choosing the best seeds impacts your garden okay so um I brought a few things to choose from um seeds if you haven't done them before sometimes it's nice to start with um an easier seed marigolds Tomatoes um some of the bigger seeds are easy to start um so when you start them first you start with a a good soil mix and your soil mix should be fine fine pearlite fine um Pete uh or petless mix that's fine for the seeds so that it's it has a good base for them to get started on and all then when you're selecting your seeds um there's really good seed um um vendors or businesses out there I love seed saver um they have a wide variety they have um organic seeds if you're do a lot of people want if you're going to start seeds or you're going to start a vegetable garden want a organic garden seed and then um you can start with first you have your soil then you have your containers and you can use almost anything as a container um you can use an old egg carton if you can afford eggs um and then you make sure it has some drainage in the bottom if it's the foam ones um but if you just make sure that you have drainage and um any vessel will do but if you sometimes pick something that is too big your seeds can um get too wet too quickly so a smaller vessel a smaller size or putting multiple seeds in that vessel and then you can wait for the germination on all of them but um so then you start with your container you start with a good soil mix you start with a a quality seed and then you can set your seed you can uh put your seeds in and um they say that you're supposed to moisten your your soil and you can and the benefit to moistening your soil is the seed will kind of stick to it because once you then put your seeds in like this is a seed tray a typical seed tray for us and it has 512 um seeds um in it and this is a Bonia fibrous Bonia which is nothing I would start this would be great to start now as a Bonia um but these guys are like dust the seed size on these is very very small and um they're kind of difficult and they take a long time and you've got to watch your moisture and you um because they're slow cuz a lot of times with um them being slower then you can get algae on top you can get fungus Nets so you got to watch that how long did that take Deb um this one o this was at least probably five I mean five six weeks to get to True leaves okay um and we'll let it sit in this some people say when you're transplanting and you get true leaves you can transplant you can let them get better you can let them bulk up in the seed tray also um so that they're not quite as fragile and not um and they can get a better start once you transplant them out um and so then after that then yeah hopefully you get really good germination and um I really like um if you're starting now a nice size seed is the morning glory seed and it's a really good um bigger seed easy to handle easy to start my opinion is if it's a bigger seed that it germinates quicker and my opinion also is we like to the size of the seed we go twice as deep as the size of the seed so when we do the Bonas we don't put any cover on them we don't do anything with them um and this is a morning glory and I love this morning glory it's called grandpa a it was Seed Savers if you go to Seed Savers and read the story about Grandpa a their grandpa a came from uh Germany with this seed and so that's what started their business and it's a great um company and they have lots of Organics and on every seed packet also it'll tell you what your germination rate is and what you can look forward to for numbers great and then you're germinating oh yeah well we're we're taking a little look at um I like to if you want to save seed uh and if you've got seed left over from last year it's important that you get good good results so we like to do a little what we call a germ check this is the poor poor man's germ check process and I like to just line out about uh 10 seeds on a kind of a package here you can see this a little bit the seeds are going to run right around there we go and um I like to do 10 cuz I want to get a percentage these actually had to do twice I tried it two weeks ago and they germinated so fast they were already off and gone this is about 5 days here so you can see we had about 100% germination of this just about all the seeds germinated so that was last year's seed that was carefully stored if you're going to store seed over the winter cool and dry is the answer and uh here's my My Method just a quart jar uh that I will put a pillow pack of evaporated or dried milk in there or you can use Sil a gel to pull the moisture out throw in the fridge so if you have your real valuable seed and some of the new hybrid seed is very expensive or I like to save some seed like tomatoes because we're so far north that a lot of the seed just goes away the demand isn't large enough so that all of a sudden these great varieties for us disappear so I'll order twice as much and then with the idea of carefully saving it dry and cool in the fridge man don't take for granted right like how to really care for the seeds before you plant them that's right it's great so let's get back to the Monas family in Island Lake Minnesota and wrap up our tour of their lovely Garden I've always liked little things that catch your interest here and there um so I've collected kind of little Oddities like I have two flamingos on my property which my brother who lives right down the road absolutely detests my flamingos he said they belong in Florida not Minnesota they should be loons I came home one day my my flamingos were missing couldn't find them anywhere turns out my brother hid them and it took me a month to find my flamingos he'd done it well enough um other than that they're just little Whimsical things that I pick up here and there and a couple of them like my set of four foxes I move on like a weekly basis kind of fun for the little area kids to see what the foxes are up to when you kind of run out of areas to Garden on the ground of course you move to Planters and again what I like to do with a planter is maybe add it to a spot where I'm not getting the color that I want so I'll just put in a planter pre-planted and boom I got a spot of color I can move it if I that area brightens up and adds more color put it somewhere else I love to create beautiful areas to sit and enjoy the garden unfortunately as my husband said say you never sit down so they're there primarily for friends and Company and the occasional Friday evening after dinner when we sit down and have an adult beverage well I have a degree in horiculture and that's where it all started I went back to school when I was in my 30s when my daughters became College age and they also went to school and I always wanted to be a a landscape designer I had fiddled with doing design with like tracing around quarters and nickels and dimes for shapes and that I thought I need to go to school and learn how to do it right I did landscape design for about 20 years in Minneapolis area and then when we retired up north I ran into my old boss from the cities who now runs a a greenhouse up here and um I now work for him so a lot of what I bring home is because I love it so much at work I can't go home without it and um my beds are all pretty packed because of that reason it's like I said once things start blooming they're in my truck and on my way home before I've even thought about it my poor husband meets me in the driveway every day okay how much do you have today sometimes we'll have as many as 30 Flats of plants sitting in the driveway and he jokingly says we have the most beautiful driveway on Island Lake I think the most important thing to do is start out small and when you're comfortable with having the area the small area the way you like it then start expanding um take advice from people who garden and people at the Garden Centers but also listen to yourself if if it's a plant you love and you love where you plant it you're going to love your Gardens don't worry about being too perfect about them sometimes it being a little bit of a hot mess is a good thing um other one other thing I'd like to say and I see this a lot at the greenh hous is people tend to come in and they only want to buy a perennial that's In Bloom and if you do that then you're only going to get the things that bloom that day either come to the greenhouse different times during the year or look at things that are not in bloom during that time period it's really important to me to have things kind of coming and going at all times and that's what I kind of call it as staging I always want little of color coming and going at all times then you don't have to worry about the fact that a peie only blooms for 2 months or a lily for 10 days because something else is taking the stage for remember if you have questions we have answers call or email your questions in now so let's get to a few more Lee and Carol in Washburn want to know if there's a tomato seed that you can just see directly in the garden without buying a plant have you ever heard of this and Is it feasible for their climate in wash a cherry tomato all day long if you want tomatoes and you want direct seed but the bigger some better Tomatoes they're going to need to be a transplanter you can start them yourself early and that's an easy start for some really good varieties but a cherry will mature it's like 45 to 50 days and you watch your you can look at your um M maturity dates like an early girl or yeah an early girl is going to give you 50 to I think it's 54 days on an early girl and you could make it but you can easily start them in and Transplant them out yeah it's a real interesting question we have one of our major seed vendors that's pushing a direct seed but I'm going to have to try some of theirs first to see if in fact they'll make it in our short season tomatoes are valuable I'd be starting mostly from transplants with the exception maybe of some of the the cherries but there's some new innovation coming so we are going to take a look and see what they got yeah test it out Dean in duth has a 20 by foron garden and wants to know how to do a soil test that size does he do it by himself like do it himself or does he need to take it in somewhere and what would the cost be and do they test one part or every 5T oh that's really a good question is it's thorough yeah and we might do a program and show people actually how to do that do the test 20 by 4 800 square feet he should take maybe uh get yourself a clear plastic pale no aluminum or no aluminum or galvanized because that can throw the test s there a lot of metals we're looking for here so clean plastic and then take several subsamples not on the surface but 3 to 5 in take a subsample mix this all together if that whole bed is consistent in other words if it all looks the same it's the same soil one composite test will do it and then he wants to send it in you can send it in University of Wisconsin University of Minnesota get a good quality uh lab that's certified in other words the results could go into court if they had to so it's good get a good certified lab so so at least once you've got a good reliable result the test costs vary the basic tests are going to be about $20 now from from a university public lab okay thanks Bob so keeping our eyes on the future we're going to discuss what we're most excited about this year okay I'm excited I'm excited there is a brand new petunia and um it is uh the Firefly petunia and yep these are the pictures that we took it glows in the dark your those are my patunas those are all my pictures and the bloom and the bud both light up and it was Time magazine's invention of the year for 2025 and um and it's very cool I mean it's it's a white petunia and classically white patunas are a little bit slower growing these are um and they need 12 well not 12 they would need at least 8 to 10 hours of Sun every day to get a good um glow in the evenings and it needs to be really dark for it to Glow at night but um it and it needs good fertilization it needs uh we do A Time release and we also like to do when we do the water soluble we like to water it way down and make it the lightest blue but yet so that you can see the blue color we use the blue one and um that we like to use every time we water so that you have consistent feed all the time cuz these guys classically whites are slow in any general that they are going to be the slowest and the weakest but this is exciting this is they feel like it's going to be great for um your events evening events like a wedding or if you were on a lake and you had it out on a dock and it just glowed but you're going to want to keep this protected because these will not be cheap those are they're GMO right like they were they're created with mushrooms they're um crossed with the mushroom that is um FL or glowin the dark um and so it's really cool it's it's exciting it's something fun for this year now you said they're not going to be cheap but will they save on your light bill right well that's that a lot of the talk they think that the municipalities are going to use some of them in their big pots and that it could be kind of cool for you know tourists and things to see it beautiful all right it's time for a few more viewer questions uh Bob and Deluth wants to know how and what time of the year is best to trim hydrangeas oh that's a question we get often it it all depends on the hydrangea of course uh hydranges will either set their buds in the fall or they'll set them in the spring so if they're setting them in the fall then you're going to prune them U you know as soon as they get Woody or very early spring but you only prune back till you see that nice plump Bud because that's what's going to give you the leaves and the flowers uh if it's if it's some of our oldfashioned varieties that are going to bloom later in the season and Bloom on what we call new wood then you just prune them right down to the ground we like to leave them up for winter interest of course and they hold some snow which is good for winter protection so soon as the snow melts in the spring cut them right to the ground and then they will regrow from The Roots so that's uh hydranges that grow on new wood compared to old wood the sneaky thing is some are a little bit of both so you have to kind of take a little look and see what's on the plant look for those those nice thick buds don't prune off any kind of a and Dr Armitage just came out and said that you should prune them when they're done blooming shape them when they're done blooming if you have a bunch of different ones and you're not sure about the variety and how they were bred that it is the easiest way to encourage yeah you know you know they become extremely popular and one of our our major producers that came up with the Endless Summer series The Endless Summer itself wasn't the best in that series but everything that followed it was we're actually going to have a talk on that in our spring Gard meetings on on the high ranges the new varieties that are out always new ones they're great Jean and Iron River wants to know if a pear tree that is two years old had a deer snap off the top one and a half fet will it come back it's not going to be dead no no and it's a it's the leader I mean if it's only two years old depending on the stock it's probably the leader that it's snapped and it will be ugly for a while yep but it will live and then it will live and then the lateral what you'll want to do is train it so you want some of those lateral branches to come up to top put a steak in the ground and and a zip tie or something get that going vertical so that you have a central leader again we just don't want to let it spread it's not structurally strong so try to get one of the laterals into a vertical position yeah so there's hope Jean yep Tom in Cromwell had an apple tree that died two Winters ago okay he sees new shoots coming from the base can the shoots be separated oh why would you want to yeah the crab trees yeah why root stock is all of our apples for the most part are grafted and they're grafted for hardiness and other considerations onto Crab Apple stock for winter hardiness so he's just going to get crab apples and they're never going to be structurally strong I really think you want to prune at ground level and start again oh really good question thank you for the answers so let's take a look at the local dirt if you would like to be Fe Ed in the local dirt please submit your garden images to ask at pbsn north.org those photos really get me really excited for spring and if you're interested in being featured on the local dirt email ask pbsn north.org with photos of your garden now we're going to take a look at a new online companion to our show great gardening seeds they're like pets my plants they they are living I care about them I check on them I I just I I don't think I could live without gardening so the Slender Leaf Mountain mint is one of our favorite plants it's got so many good qualities it's one of the best plants in the garden for pollinators eating your own produce uh and your own honey that you helped produce is gives you a great satisfaction gardening has always been something that has been in my life uh my mom had a garden it was just a cool thing we were just always running around with fresh produce in our hands and garlic ches hanging out of our mouths again what a great collection of thank you gifts for your support let's take a look at our community calendar and a couple more viewer questions if we have time just want to mention Spring Garden Extravaganza coming up uh end of March March 29th going to try something different this year better Gardens for a better life it's an integrated approach to gardening your way to a happier and healthier life going to look at the human microbiome from a Gardener's perspective uh we've got a mental health expert that's going to talk about the benefits of gardening uh we have an individual that's going to talk about managing your soils to improve the quality and taste of your vegetables and uh another idual a professional that's going to talk about uh ergonomics and uh use of of the body properly for lifelong gardening and then 14 workshops including one on Hy ranges so there's going to be a little bit of everything for everybody whether you're growing plants or vegetables that's in duth at the Deo and then following week we're going to do one up at Mount iron the spring garding spectacular looks similar the program is similar but a little bit different so once again uh you can get more information on the St Louis County website and uh give you all the registration information there as well so both are going to be great days get in if you want we filled up both last year and we would anticipate the same thing this year great so register and thank you so much for joining us this evening for our special kickoff to the 2025 season of great gardening we hope tonight's episode has inspired you whether you're planning your Spring Garden trying out new techniques or simply enjoying the beauty of gardens across the Northland a huge thank you to our viewers and to our volunteers from the Daughters of the American Revolution for making this evening possible and of course a special thank you to you to our gardening experts Bob Olen and Deb Burns Ericson for sharing their time and expertise we'll see you next time with even more tips to help you grow a beautiful and successful garden this year from all of us here at Great gardening and PBS north thank you so much for watching and having a wonderful evening good night